A solar pump allows for the pumping of water from deep or surface sources for various applications. This device is an effective and clean alternative to motor pumps. This autonomous system does not rely on electricity from the public grid.
Generally, a solar pump is composed of various technologies to function optimally.
- one or more solar panels intended to supply the pump and electronic devices with electrical energy;
- one or more batteries optionally dedicated to storing electrical energy if it is necessary for the pump to operate at night or when sunlight is insufficient.
To choose the most suitable solar pump, it is necessary to consider the following 3 parameters:
- the desired water flow rate, which is expressed in cubic meters per hour. It is obtained by calculating daily water needs;
- the Total Dynamic Head (TDH), which is also expressed in meters. It encompasses the various constraints related to the height and length of the connecting pipes. The TDH is calculated by summing the pumping height (m), pressure (1 Bar = 10 m), and the length of the discharge pipe (m). The result is expressed in mWC (meters of water column);
- the electrical voltage that will power the pump, which is generally 12 V or 24 V. It is necessary to take this value into account, especially when purchasing a pump alone.
There are different application domains for a solar pump:
- the irrigation system where what is known as "solar direct" pumping primarily occurs. This type of pump is generally without a battery since the water is directly spread over the plants;
- the water supply within a dwelling where the pump will pour the water into a tank before it is redistributed through the piping network.
In short, the solar pump allows for water supply during periods when sunlight is sufficient. Kits offered by manufacturers are often ready to install and contain all the necessary elements for immediate use.
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